Mistakes – or?

Science became fiction

Physics became fiction between 1882 and 1887, since the real motion of light (a vector sum; beam direction) was assumed to be controlled by collimator, distant mirror and telescope in MMX and in the detection of stellar aberration. However, the ether wind is irrelevant in relation to reflectors and refractors. Therefore, in coherent systems we must use apparent motion instead (disregarding ether wind inside the wave front; ray direction). So, the ether wind cannot tilt a wave front (the ether wind has the same effect on all points in the wave front), and therefore:

• no ether wind effect in the reference arm in MMX, and
• no ether wind effect in stellar aberration, and
• particle based thinking was infecting the wave model, and
• time dilation was invented ad hoc to cover up for a mistake, and
• science became fiction, and
• we do not need the GAMMA factor, and
• the wave-particle paradox was produced.

MMX regarded, in the measuring arm, ether wind effect on two antiparallel potential forces in light, but did not regard the same effect on two antiparallel real forces between atoms in a crystal for controlling separation. We therefore find that:

• there is a real, but not observable, effect in the measuring arm in MMX, and
• that this effect is two times the FitzGerald contraction, and
• that MMX is a scandal.

This story is described in How Science Became Fiction available at:

https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Essays/View/8179

The illusion of light particles

Light is invisible. So, we make it visible by a quantized tool, called electron. So, an illusion of light particles is created by the tool used, and therefore we find that:

• h is an electron property, and
• more confusion regarding the wave-particle paradox, and
• that we do not need quanta in light, and
• that we probably need particles in the ether model.

Such an ether, explaining gravity, is described in Gravity – a Neutrino Effect? Available at:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342918494_Gravity_-a_Neutrino_Effect

The illusion of entanglement

To avoid instantaneous action at a distance, light moving from generating electron to detecting electron, must be regarded as a potential force, and realized when the detecting electron is reached. Therefore, we find that we do:

• not need to assume entanglement.

Electron-light interference

Continuous light from periodic motions of a bound electron can produce periodic disturbances (light) in the ether by an interference effect. (The same can be valid for radiation in the form of wave packets.) This can explain thermal radiation, where the electron generates radiation by interference. The effect is phase sensitive so the process can also go in opposite direction, when the interference effect can change an electron’s potential energy in such a way that the electron can escape its kernel. Therefore, all escaping electrons have the same kinetic energy, defined by the orbiting frequency, needed for interference. This process is called photoelectric effect, and goes in opposite direction to the earlier mentioned process. However, energy in light is an illusion, and in reality, the energy comes from the ether. So, in popular form, we can say that:

• electrons act as transmitters in thermal radiation, and
• they also act as receivers in the photoelectric effect.

The Compton effect can be explained by two processes where an X-ray wave packet (not a particle) in the first step causes an electron to escape its kernel (as in the photoelectric effect, where light is continuous). When this electron later is captured by another atom a secondary X-ray packet is generated (as in thermal radiation). So, we can say that:

• in the Compton process electrons first act as receivers, and later they act as transmitters, and
• we do not need the particle model for light.

Hydrogen gas radiation

Electrons in one specific state act as transmitters and receivers on one specific frequency. This communication allows for cooperation, between electrons in the same state, to produce destructive superposition, by adjustment of phase. This can explain why we cannot observe these primary frequencies, and that only interference products are visible in the radiation. This explanation seems more realistic than the official explanation assuming quantum jumping. So, we find that:

• the hydrogen spectrum can be explained without quantum jumping.

Conclusions

• In the evolutionary process of science, it is important that modern technology is used also for evaluation of old decisions.
• Relativity theory and quantum theory have added lots of mathematics on top of a basic physics that has been almost unchanged for about 140 years.

Remark

Longer (and therefore more understandable) versions of this summary can be found in other articles Entanglement – an Illusion? and Misunderstood light waves available at:

https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Essays/View/8353

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343484705_Misunderstood_Light_Waves